The right inverter type depends on what happens when the grid disappears
| Feature | Grid-tied | Hybrid | Off-grid |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal utility-grid connection | Yes | Usually | Not required |
| Battery support | Usually no | Yes | Yes |
| Backup during outage | Normally shuts down unless paired with special equipment | Common, model-dependent | Core function |
| Export to grid | Common where rules allow | Often configurable where rules allow | Usually not the purpose |
| Generator integration | Uncommon | Model-dependent | Common on many designs |
Grid-tied: simplest when backup is not required
A conventional grid-tied inverter converts PV DC to grid-synchronized AC. Anti-islanding requirements mean ordinary systems generally stop exporting during an outage to protect workers and equipment.
Hybrid: one platform for PV, battery and grid
Hybrid inverters can combine PV generation, battery charging, grid interaction and backup output. That flexibility introduces more compatibility and configuration questions, so verify battery support, transfer behavior and backup ratings carefully.
Off-grid: design for autonomy
Off-grid systems need to balance battery capacity, generator or alternate charging, PV production and load management without assuming the utility can fill the gap. Oversizing one component does not fix poor system balance.